HSK Grammar Words
The HSK 3.0 grammar outline names 461 words that carry grammar rather than content: particles like 了 (le), measure words, modal verbs, question words, and the adverbs and conjunctions that link clauses. Each is listed under the HSK level whose grammar introduces it, which is sometimes lower than the level of the word itself.
| Type | Words | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| tone adverb | 53 | 就 jiù, 都 dōu, 白 bái, 才 cái |
| measure word | 44 | 个 gè, 家 jiā, 打 dǎ, 本 běn |
| time adverb | 43 | 在 zài, 还 hái, 正 zhēng, 先 xiān |
| clause connector | 33 | 那 nà, 但 dàn, 如果 rú guǒ, 但是 dàn shì |
| degree adverb | 31 | 好 hǎo, 很 hěn, 真 zhēn, 多 duō |
| demonstrative | 26 | 这 zhè, 那 nà, 这些 zhè xiē, 这里 zhè lǐ |
| direction noun | 24 | 上 shàng, 下 xià, 里 lǐ, 后 hòu |
| scope adverb | 20 | 就 jiù, 都 dōu, 一起 yī qǐ, 只 zhǐ |
| frequency adverb | 18 | 再 zài, 老 lǎo, 常 cháng, 常常 cháng cháng |
| personal pronoun | 17 | 我 wǒ, 你 nǐ, 他 tā, 我们 wǒ men |
| preposition: target | 15 | 和 hé, 对 duì, 给 gěi, 跟 gēn |
| manner adverb | 14 | 故意 gù yì, 互相 hù xiāng, 尽量 jǐn liàng, 亲自 qīn zì |
| question word | 14 | 什么 shén me, 多 duō, 怎么 zěn me, 谁 shéi |
| separable verb | 13 | 说话 shuō huà, 睡觉 shuì jiào, 打开 dǎ kāi, 帮忙 bāng máng |
| attitude adverb | 11 | 一定 yī dìng, 必须 bì xū, 也许 yě xǔ, 好像 hǎo xiàng |
| conjunction | 11 | 和 hé, 跟 gēn, 还是 hái shi, 或 huò |
| modal verb | 11 | 要 yào, 会 huì, 想 xiǎng, 能 néng |
| preposition: basis | 11 | 按 àn, 按照 àn zhào, 作为 zuò wéi, 根据 gēn jù |
| sentence-final particle | 11 | 的 de, 了 le, 吧 ba, 吗 má |
| verbal measure word | 11 | 下 xià, 次 cì, 回 huí, 口 kǒu |
| linking adverb | 7 | 就 jiù, 也 yě, 还 hái, 再 zài |
| negation | 7 | 不 bù, 没有 méi yǒu, 没 méi, 别 bié |
| preposition: time, place | 7 | 在 zài, 从 cóng, 由 yóu, 自从 zì cóng |
| preposition: agent, object | 6 | 叫 jiào, 让 ràng, 把 bǎ, 被 bèi |
| preposition: direction | 5 | 从 cóng, 向 xiàng, 往 wǎng, 朝 cháo |
| structural particle | 5 | 的 de, 地 de, 得 de, 所 suǒ |
| particle | 4 | 等 děng, 的话 de huà, 似的 shì de, 也好 yě hǎo |
| preposition: purpose, cause | 4 | 因为 yīn wèi, 为了 wèi le, 由于 yóu yú, 因 yīn |
| time measure word | 4 | 年 nián, 天 tiān, 周 zhōu, 分钟 fēn zhōng |
| aspect particle | 3 | 了 le, 着 zhe, 过 guo |
| numeral | 3 | 万 wàn, 千 qiān, 亿 yì |
| interjection | 2 | 啊 a, 喂 wèi |
| preposition: exclusion | 2 | 除了 chú le, 除 chú |
| preposition: time | 1 | 当 dāng |
Jump to a level: HSK 1 · HSK 2 · HSK 3 · HSK 4 · HSK 5 · HSK 6 · HSK 7–9
These words are small and frequent, so they are easy to recognise and hard to use. Knowing that 把 (bǎ) is a preposition does not tell you where it goes in the sentence; learn each one inside a sentence you can say, not as a gloss.
HSK 1
| Word | Pinyin | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 下 | xià | direction noun; verbal measure word | below; next (time); to go down |
| 了 | le | aspect particle; sentence-final particle | completed action marker; modal particle indicating change of state; modal particle intensifying clause |
| 从 | cóng | preposition: time, place; preposition: direction | from; through; via |
| 再 | zài | frequency adverb; linking adverb | again; once more; second; another; then (sequence) |
| 口 | kǒu | measure word; verbal measure word | mouth; classifier for people, animals, and objects with openings |
| 吧 | ba | sentence-final particle | (modal particle indicating suggestion, surmise, or asking for agreement: ...right?; ...ok?; ...i presume) |
| 和 | hé | preposition: target; conjunction | and; to make peace; harmonious; sum (math); draw (sports); tie |
| 在 | zài | time adverb; preposition: time, place | located at; to be in; to exist; to be alive; indicating an action in progress |
| 多 | duō | question word; degree adverb | many; much; too many; (after numeral) ... odd |
| 本 | běn | measure word; demonstrative | this; the current; original; inherent; root; stem; origin; source; classifier for books, periodicals, files etc. |
| 的 | de | structural particle; sentence-final particle | possessive particle ('s); attribute marker; nominalizer |
| 跟 | gēn | preposition: target; conjunction | to follow; to go with; with; compared with; towards; and; heel |
| 还 | hái | linking adverb; time adverb | still; yet; still in progress; in addition; also; else; even more; still more |
| 那 | nà | demonstrative; clause connector | that (pronoun); then (in that case) |
| 都 | dōu | scope adverb; tone adverb | all; both; already; even |
| 一起 | yī qǐ | scope adverb | together; in the same place; altogether; in total |
| 上 | shàng | direction noun | up, above, higher, previous, first; to climb, to get onto, to attend (class); (directional complement) up |
| 上边 | shàng bian | direction noun | above, on top, overhead, upward, above-mentioned |
| 下边 | xià bian | direction noun | below; underneath |
| 不 | bù | negation | no; not; un- |
| 东 | dōng | direction noun | east; host; landlord |
| 东边 | dōng bian | direction noun | east; east side |
| 个 | gè | measure word | general classifier for nouns; individual |
| 也 | yě | linking adverb | also; as well; particle |
| 什么 | shén me | question word | what, something, anything |
| 他 | tā | personal pronoun | he; him; other; emphatic marker |
| 他们 | tā men | personal pronoun | they |
| 会 | huì | modal verb | skill/ability: can, to know how to; to be likely to, to be sure to; to meet, to get together, meeting, gathering |
| 你 | nǐ | personal pronoun | you |
| 你们 | nǐ men | personal pronoun | you (plural) |
| 先 | xiān | time adverb | first; in advance; early |
| 最 | zuì | degree adverb | most; the most; -est (superlative suffix) |
| 几 | jǐ | question word | how many, several, a few |
| 别 | bié | negation | don't ...!; to leave; to part from; other; another; different |
| 别的 | bié de | demonstrative | else; other |
| 前 | qián | direction noun | front/forward; before/ago; former/previous |
| 前边 | qián bian | direction noun | front; in front of |
| 北 | běi | direction noun | north; (classical) to be defeated |
| 北边 | běi biān | direction noun | north; north side; northern part; to the north of |
| 南 | nán | direction noun | south |
| 南边 | nán bian | direction noun | south; south side |
| 右 | yòu | direction noun | right-hand side; right of center; west; precedence |
| 右边 | yòu bian | direction noun | right side |
| 后 | hòu | direction noun | back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later; post- |
| 后边 | hòu bian | direction noun | back; rear; behind; later; afterwards |
| 吗 | má | sentence-final particle | (coll.) what? |
| 呢 | ne | sentence-final particle | particle for questions (what about... / where is...); particle for pausing or emphasis; particle indicating continuous state |
| 哪 | nǎ | question word | which? |
| 哪些 | nǎ xiē | question word | which ones?; who?; what? |
| 哪儿 | nǎ r | question word | where?; wherever; somewhere |
| 哪里 | nǎ lǐ | question word | where? |
| 地 | de | structural particle | adverbial particle (-ly) |
| 块 | kuài | measure word | lump; chunk; piece; classifier for pieces of material objects |
| 外 | wài | direction noun | outside; foreign; additional |
| 外边 | wài bian | direction noun | outside; abroad |
| 多少 | duō shao | question word | how much/many; what (number/ID) |
| 太 | tài | degree adverb | too; extremely; very; highest; greatest |
| 她 | tā | personal pronoun | she |
| 她们 | tā men | personal pronoun | they; them (female) |
| 家 | jiā | measure word | home, family; suffix for an expert/specialist; philosophical school |
| 左 | zuǒ | direction noun | left (direction); left side; the Left (politics); east |
| 左边 | zuǒ bian | direction noun | left side; to the left of |
| 常 | cháng | frequency adverb | often; frequently; always |
| 常常 | cháng cháng | frequency adverb | frequently; often |
| 很 | hěn | degree adverb | very; quite; awfully |
| 怎么 | zěn me | question word | how; why; what |
| 您 | nín | personal pronoun | you (polite) |
| 想 | xiǎng | modal verb | want or desire; think or believe; miss |
| 我 | wǒ | personal pronoun | i; me; my |
| 我们 | wǒ men | personal pronoun | we; us; our |
| 有时 | yǒu shí | time adverb | sometimes |
| 有的 | yǒu de | demonstrative | some (that exist) |
| 杯 | bēi | measure word | cup; trophy cup; classifier for containers of liquid: glass, cup |
| 正 | zhēng | time adverb | first month of the lunar year |
| 正在 | zhèng zài | time adverb | in the process of doing something; currently |
| 比 | bǐ | preposition: target | to compare; (used for comparison) more ... than ...; ratio; to gesture |
| 没 | méi | negation | not, have not |
| 没有 | méi yǒu | negation | to not have, to not be, doesn't exist |
| 真 | zhēn | degree adverb | really; indeed; real; true; genuine |
| 能 | néng | modal verb | can; to be able to; might |
| 西 | xī | direction noun | west |
| 西边 | xī biān | direction noun | west; west side |
| 要 | yào | modal verb | want; need; ask for; should; need to; will; shall; about to; if |
| 谁 | shéi | question word | who |
| 还是 | hái shi | conjunction | or; still (as before); had better |
| 这 | zhè | demonstrative | this; these |
| 这些 | zhè xiē | demonstrative | these |
| 这儿 | zhè r | demonstrative | here |
| 这里 | zhè lǐ | demonstrative | here |
| 那些 | nà xiē | demonstrative | those |
| 那儿 | nà r | demonstrative | there |
| 那里 | nà li | demonstrative | there; that place |
| 里 | lǐ | direction noun | inside, internal |
| 里边 | lǐ bian | direction noun | inside |
| 间 | jiān | measure word | spatial/temporal: between, among, within a definite time or space; room, section of a room; classifier for rooms |
| 非常 | fēi cháng | degree adverb | very; really; unusual; extraordinary |
| 页 | yè | measure word | page; leaf |
| 马上 | mǎ shàng | time adverb | at once, immediately; on horseback |
HSK 2
| Word | Pinyin | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 就 | jiù | linking adverb; tone adverb; scope adverb | just; only; as little as; merely; precisely; ; in that case; then; if not... then must be...; as soon as; immediately after; taking advantage of |
| 才 | cái | tone adverb; time adverb | just now; only (before a quantity); then and only then |
| 为 | wèi | preposition: target | because of; for; to |
| 只 | zhǐ | scope adverb; measure word | only, merely, just |
| 向 | xiàng | preposition: direction; preposition: target | towards; to face; to turn towards; direction; to support; to side with; formerly; always; shortly before; oriented to |
| 啊 | a | sentence-final particle; interjection | ah!; exclamatory or modal particle |
| 得 | de | structural particle; modal verb | structural particle: links verbs/adjectives to complements of degree, result, or possibility |
| 该 | gāi | modal verb; demonstrative | should; ought to; to deserve; to owe; probably; must be; it is one's turn; that; the above-mentioned |
| 一共 | yī gòng | scope adverb | altogether; in total |
| 一定 | yī dìng | attitude adverb | must; surely; certainly; fixed; specific; a certain |
| 一直 | yī zhí | time adverb | continuously; always; straight (in a line) |
| 万 | wàn | numeral | ten thousand; a great number |
| 不过 | bù guò | clause connector | but, however; only, merely, no more than; anyway (returning to topic) |
| 为什么 | wèi shén me | question word | why; for what reason |
| 也许 | yě xǔ | attitude adverb | perhaps; maybe |
| 亿 | yì | numeral | 100 million |
| 件 | jiàn | measure word | item; classifier for events, clothes, or matters |
| 但 | dàn | clause connector | but; yet; however; merely; only |
| 但是 | dàn shì | clause connector | but; however |
| 位 | wèi | measure word | position; location; place |
| 全 | quán | scope adverb | all; whole; entire; every; complete |
| 分钟 | fēn zhōng | time measure word | minute |
| 刚 | gāng | time adverb | just; exactly; barely; hard; firm; strong |
| 刚刚 | gāng gang | time adverb | just recently; just a moment ago |
| 别人 | bié ren | personal pronoun | other people; others |
| 十分 | shí fēn | degree adverb | very; completely; extremely |
| 千 | qiān | numeral | thousand |
| 又 | yòu | frequency adverb | again; also; both... and...; and yet |
| 只要 | zhǐ yào | clause connector | so long as; if only |
| 周 | zhōu | time measure word | week; weekly |
| 咱 | zán | personal pronoun | we (inclusive); i, me |
| 咱们 | zán men | personal pronoun | we (inclusive) |
| 喂 | wèi | interjection | hey; to feed |
| 回 | huí | verbal measure word | to return, to go back, to turn around; to answer; to revolve |
| 地点 | dì diǎn | 是…的 construction | place; location; venue |
| 场 | chǎng | verbal measure word | large place for specific use; stage; scene |
| 多久 | duō jiǔ | question word | how long (time); (not) a long time |
| 多么 | duō me | degree adverb | how (much); what (a...); to what extent |
| 大家 | dà jiā | personal pronoun | everyone; great expert; influential person |
| 天 | tiān | time measure word | day; sky; heaven |
| 好 | hǎo | degree adverb | good; appropriate; proper; easy to; good to (before a verb); completion marker (after a verb) |
| 好像 | hǎo xiàng | attitude adverb | to seem like; as if |
| 如果 | rú guǒ | clause connector | if; in case; in the event that |
| 它 | tā | personal pronoun | it |
| 它们 | tā men | personal pronoun | they (inanimate) |
| 对 | duì | preposition: target | correct; right; towards; regarding; concerning; to face; to oppose |
| 封 | fēng | measure word | to seal; classifier for letters; to confer; to grant; to bestow a title |
| 层 | céng | measure word | layer; stratum; classifier for layers |
| 差不多 | chà bu duō | attitude adverb | almost; nearly; more or less |
| 已经 | yǐ jīng | time adverb | already |
| 年 | nián | time measure word | year |
| 应该 | yīng gāi | modal verb | should; ought to; must |
| 当 | dāng | preposition: time | to serve as, to act as, to manage; to withstand, to obstruct; to equal, to match, to be |
| 往 | wǎng | preposition: direction | to; towards; bound for |
| 必须 | bì xū | attitude adverb | must; have to; compulsory |
| 忽然 | hū rán | time adverb | suddenly |
| 怎么样 | zěn me yàng | question word | how?, how about?; how are things? |
| 怎样 | zěn yàng | question word | how; what kind of |
| 愿意 | yuàn yì | modal verb | willing; to wish; to want |
| 或 | huò | conjunction | or; maybe, perhaps, possibly |
| 或者 | huò zhě | conjunction | or; maybe, perhaps |
| 挺 | tǐng | degree adverb | very; outstanding; straight |
| 故意 | gù yì | manner adverb | deliberately; on purpose |
| 方式 | fāng shì | 是…的 construction | way, manner, style, mode, or pattern |
| 更 | gèng | degree adverb | more; even more; further |
| 条 | tiáo | measure word | classifier for long thin things; strip; item |
| 次 | cì | verbal measure word | classifier for events; next in sequence; second |
| 正好 | zhèng hǎo | tone adverb | just right, just enough; to happen to, just in time |
| 特别 | tè bié | degree adverb | very; especially; particularly |
| 的话 | de huà | particle | if |
| 着 | zhe | aspect particle | aspect particle indicating ongoing action or state |
| 离 | lí | preposition: target | distance and space: to be away from, from (in giving distances); to leave, to part from, without; independent of |
| 等 | děng | particle | wait for; class; rank; grade; etc.; and so on |
| 经常 | jīng cháng | frequency adverb | frequently; often; regularly; day-to-day; everyday |
| 给 | gěi | preposition: target | to give; to allow; for; for the benefit of; to do something for someone; sentence intensifier |
| 老 | lǎo | frequency adverb | old (people); elderly; aged parents; of the past; outdated; tough (meat); venerable; experienced; of long standing; degree/intensity: very; always; all the time |
| 老是 | lǎo shi | frequency adverb | always |
| 而且 | ér qiě | clause connector | moreover; in addition; furthermore; (not only...) but also |
| 自己 | zì jǐ | personal pronoun | oneself; one's own |
| 虽然 | suī rán | clause connector | although |
| 过 | guo | aspect particle | experienced action marker; to cross; to go over; to pass (time) |
| 这么 | zhè me | demonstrative | so much, this much; like this, this way |
| 这样 | zhè yàng | demonstrative | like this, this way; such, this kind of |
| 遍 | biàn | verbal measure word | everywhere, all over; classifier for actions (one time) |
| 那么 | nà me | demonstrative | so; like that; in that way; about; or so (in that case) |
| 那样 | nà yàng | demonstrative | that kind; that sort |
| 重新 | chóng xīn | frequency adverb | again; once more; re- |
HSK 3
| Word | Pinyin | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 并 | bìng | tone adverb; conjunction | and, furthermore, also, simultaneously; to combine, to join, to merge, together with; (not) at all |
| 把 | bǎ | measure word; preposition: agent, object | to hold, to grasp, handle; classifier for handfuls, bundles, or things with handles |
| 由 | yóu | preposition: time, place; preposition: agent, object | from; by; via |
| 由于 | yóu yú | preposition: purpose, cause; clause connector | because; due to; as a result of |
| 不仅 | bù jǐn | clause connector | not only, not just |
| 不光 | bù guāng | clause connector | not only, not limited to |
| 为了 | wèi le | preposition: purpose, cause | for, for the purpose of, in order to |
| 互相 | hù xiāng | manner adverb | each other; mutually |
| 亲自 | qīn zì | manner adverb | personally, in person |
| 仅 | jǐn | scope adverb | only; merely; barely |
| 仅仅 | jǐn jǐn | scope adverb | only; merely; barely (nothing more) |
| 从来 | cóng lái | time adverb | always, at all times; never (used in negative sentences) |
| 任何 | rèn hé | demonstrative | any; whatever; whichever; whatsoever |
| 光 | guāng | scope adverb | light; light; ray |
| 其实 | qí shí | tone adverb | actually, in fact, really |
| 到底 | dào dǐ | tone adverb | finally, in the end, after all, when all is said and done; to the end, to the last |
| 千万 | qiān wàn | tone adverb | ten million, countless; must by all means |
| 双 | shuāng | measure word | two; double; pair |
| 反正 | fǎn zhèng | tone adverb | anyway, in any case; to come over from the enemy's side |
| 另外 | lìng wài | clause connector | additional; other; separate; in addition; moreover; furthermore |
| 只好 | zhǐ hǎo | tone adverb | have no choice but to, have to, be forced to |
| 只有 | zhǐ yǒu | clause connector | only have, there is only; it is only if, it is only that (to indicate no alternative) |
| 叫 | jiào | preposition: agent, object | to shout, to call, to order, to ask; to be called; by (indicates agent in passive voice) |
| 台 | tái | measure word | infrastructure; platform; stage |
| 各 | gè | demonstrative | each; every |
| 各位 | gè wèi | demonstrative | everybody; all of you |
| 各种 | gè zhǒng | demonstrative | various; all kinds of |
| 因为 | yīn wèi | preposition: purpose, cause | because; owing to |
| 因此 | yīn cǐ | clause connector | thus; consequently; as a result |
| 大概 | dà gài | attitude adverb | probably, about; roughly, approximate, general idea |
| 始终 | shǐ zhōng | time adverb | from beginning to end, all along |
| 完成 | wán chéng | separable verb | to complete; to accomplish |
| 尽量 | jǐn liàng | manner adverb | as much as possible; to the greatest extent |
| 已 | yǐ | time adverb | already; to stop; then |
| 帮忙 | bāng máng | separable verb | to help; to lend a hand; to do a favor |
| 干杯 | gān bēi | separable verb | to drink a toast; to clink glasses; cheers; bottoms up |
| 并且 | bìng qiě | clause connector | and, besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition |
| 张 | zhāng | measure word | classifier for flat objects, sheet of paper; to open up, to spread |
| 当然 | dāng rán | tone adverb | certainly, of course, without doubt, only natural, as it should be |
| 往往 | wǎng wǎng | frequency adverb | usually, in many cases, more often than not |
| 总 | zǒng | frequency adverb | general, overall, to sum up; always, invariably; anyway, after all, eventually, surely |
| 总是 | zǒng shì | frequency adverb | always |
| 恐怕 | kǒng pà | attitude adverb | I'm afraid that; perhaps; maybe |
| 打开 | dǎ kāi | separable verb | to open; to turn on; to switch on |
| 按 | àn | preposition: basis | to press, to push, to control, to restrain; according to, in the light of; to leave aside, to make a comment |
| 按照 | àn zhào | preposition: basis | according to, in accordance with, in the light of, on the basis of |
| 支 | zhī | measure word | to support, to erect, to raise; branch, division; to draw money |
| 放假 | fàng jià | separable verb | to have a holiday or vacation |
| 敢 | gǎn | modal verb | to dare; daring; (polite) may I venture |
| 早已 | zǎo yǐ | time adverb | for a long time; long since |
| 曾经 | céng jīng | time adverb | once, previously, ever, (past tense marker) |
| 朝 | cháo | preposition: direction | imperial court, government, dynasty; towards, facing; to make a pilgrimage to |
| 本来 | běn lái | time adverb | originally; at first; original; it goes without saying; of course |
| 束 | shù | measure word | bind or control; to bind; to control |
| 果然 | guǒ rán | tone adverb | sure enough; as expected; really |
| 架 | jià | measure word | noun; rack; frame |
| 根本 | gēn běn | tone adverb | fundamental; basic; root |
| 每 | měi | demonstrative | each; every |
| 比较 | bǐ jiào | degree adverb | to compare; to contrast; comparison; comparatively; relatively; quite |
| 洗澡 | xǐ zǎo | separable verb | to bathe; to take a shower |
| 点头 | diǎn tóu | separable verb | to nod |
| 理发 | lǐ fà | separable verb | to get a haircut; to cut hair |
| 白 | bái | tone adverb | white; snowy; pure; bright; clear; in vain; gratuitous; free of charge; empty; blank; plain |
| 相互 | xiāng hù | manner adverb | mutual; each other |
| 相当 | xiāng dāng | degree adverb | equivalent to; appropriate; considerably |
| 看病 | kàn bìng | separable verb | to visit a doctor (as a patient); to see a patient (as a doctor) |
| 眼 | yǎn | verbal measure word | eye; small hole; crux of a matter |
| 睡觉 | shuì jiào | separable verb | to sleep; to go to bed |
| 确实 | què shí | tone adverb | indeed; really; reliable; true |
| 种 | zhǒng | measure word | kind, type, species, classifier for types; seed |
| 立刻 | lì kè | time adverb | immediately; at once; promptly |
| 简直 | jiǎn zhí | tone adverb | simply; really |
| 终于 | zhōng yú | tone adverb | finally, at last, eventually, in the end |
| 结婚 | jié hūn | separable verb | to marry; to get married |
| 绝对 | jué duì | tone adverb | absolute; unconditional |
| 群 | qún | measure word | group; crowd; flock, herd, or pack |
| 自从 | zì cóng | preposition: time, place | since (a time), ever since |
| 至少 | zhì shǎo | scope adverb | at least |
| 行 | xíng | measure word | walk or go; ok or capable; conduct or behavior |
| 被 | bèi | preposition: agent, object | quilt; to cover; passive voice marker; to suffer (a misfortune) |
| 要是 | yào shi | clause connector | (coll.) if |
| 见面 | jiàn miàn | separable verb | to meet, to see each other |
| 让 | ràng | preposition: agent, object | to permit; to let; to have someone do something |
| 说话 | shuō huà | separable verb | to speak; to talk; to gossip; to tell stories; words; talk |
| 赶快 | gǎn kuài | time adverb | quickly; at once |
| 赶紧 | gǎn jǐn | time adverb | hurriedly; without delay |
| 连忙 | lián máng | time adverb | promptly; at once |
| 通常 | tōng cháng | frequency adverb | regular, usual, normal, usually, normally |
| 除了 | chú le | preposition: exclusion | besides; in addition to; except for |
| 难道 | nán dào | tone adverb | could it be that...?; don't tell me... |
| 需要 | xū yào | modal verb | to need; to want; to require |
| 顿 | dùn | verbal measure word | to stop, to pause; to arrange, to lay out; to kowtow, to stamp |
HSK 4
| Word | Pinyin | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 而 | ér | clause connector; conjunction | and; as well as; and so |
| 一再 | yī zài | frequency adverb | repeatedly |
| 人家 | rén jia | personal pronoun | other people, he/she/they; I/me (referring to oneself) |
| 以及 | yǐ jí | conjunction | as well as; and |
| 似乎 | sì hū | attitude adverb | it seems, seemingly, as if |
| 似的 | shì de | particle | seems as if, rather like |
| 作为 | zuò wéi | preposition: basis | as (in the capacity of); to act as, to view as, to take (something) to be; accomplishment, achievement, conduct, deed |
| 假如 | jiǎ rú | clause connector | if |
| 共 | gòng | scope adverb | together; to share; total |
| 关于 | guān yú | preposition: target | concerning; about; pertaining to |
| 再三 | zài sān | frequency adverb | over and over again; again and again |
| 几乎 | jī hū | attitude adverb | almost; nearly; practically |
| 即将 | jí jiāng | time adverb | to be about to; on the verge of |
| 却 | què | linking adverb | but, yet, however, nevertheless; to go back, to decline, to retreat |
| 卷 | juàn | measure word | scroll, roll, volume, chapter; examination paper; classifier for books/paintings (volume, scroll) |
| 反而 | fǎn ér | tone adverb | on the contrary, instead |
| 可见 | kě jiàn | clause connector | it is clear that, it can be seen that; visible |
| 对于 | duì yú | preposition: target | regarding; with regard to; concerning |
| 尽快 | jǐn kuài | time adverb | as soon as possible |
| 急忙 | jí máng | time adverb | hastily |
| 总之 | zǒng zhī | clause connector | in short, in a word, in brief |
| 打 | dǎ | measure word | to beat; to strike; to hit |
| 批 | pī | measure word | to criticize; to act on; to pass on |
| 按时 | àn shí | time adverb | on time; on schedule |
| 既然 | jì rán | clause connector | since; as; this being the case |
| 替 | tì | preposition: target | to replace; to substitute for; to stand in for; for; on behalf of |
| 未必 | wèi bì | negation | not necessarily |
| 极 | jí | degree adverb | extremely; utmost; top |
| 极其 | jí qí | degree adverb | extremely |
| 根 | gēn | measure word | root; basis; long slender objects |
| 根据 | gēn jù | preposition: basis | based on; according to; basis |
| 格外 | gé wài | degree adverb | especially; particularly |
| 棵 | kē | measure word | classifier for trees, plants, or cabbages |
| 此外 | cǐ wài | clause connector | besides; in addition; moreover |
| 渐渐 | jiàn jiàn | time adverb | gradually |
| 甚至 | shèn zhì | clause connector | even, so much so that |
| 的确 | dí què | tone adverb | really or indeed |
| 究竟 | jiū jìng | tone adverb | after all, when all is said and done; outcome, result, to go to the bottom of a matter |
| 而是 | ér shì | clause connector | rather |
| 自 | zì | preposition: time, place | self or oneself; from or since; naturally |
| 袋 | dài | measure word | bag; pouch; sack; pocket |
| 竟然 | jìng rán | tone adverb | unexpectedly, to one's surprise, actually, to go as far as to |
HSK 5
| Word | Pinyin | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 可 | kě | degree adverb; tone adverb; clause connector | can; may; -able; approve; permit; suit |
| 将 | jiāng | time adverb; preposition: agent, object | will or shall; to use or to take (introduces object); to checkmate |
| 一向 | yī xiàng | time adverb | always (previously), a period of time in the recent past |
| 一旦 | yī dàn | clause connector | once, in case, if, when; in a short time, in one day |
| 不免 | bù miǎn | tone adverb | inevitably |
| 不时 | bù shí | time adverb | from time to time, occasionally; frequently |
| 也好 | yě hǎo | particle | that's fine, may as well; regardless of whether...or... |
| 仍旧 | réng jiù | time adverb | still; remain the same |
| 从而 | cóng ér | clause connector | thus; thereby |
| 依据 | yī jù | preposition: basis | according to, basis, foundation |
| 依旧 | yī jiù | time adverb | as before, still |
| 依照 | yī zhào | preposition: basis | according to, in light of |
| 倒是 | dào shi | tone adverb | actually; contrary to expectations; (conversational marker indicating a shift in tone) |
| 偶尔 | ǒu ěr | frequency adverb | occasionally; once in a while; sometimes |
| 偷偷 | tōu tōu | manner adverb | stealthily; secretly; covertly |
| 册 | cè | measure word | book, booklet, classifier for books |
| 再次 | zài cì | frequency adverb | again; once again |
| 凭 | píng | preposition: basis | verb; to lean against; to rely on |
| 加上 | jiā shàng | clause connector | to add, to put in; in addition, on top of that |
| 匹 | pǐ | measure word | classifier; classifier for horses or mules; classifier for cloth bolts |
| 大都 | dà dōu | scope adverb | for the most part; on the whole |
| 如此 | rú cǐ | demonstrative | like this; so; such |
| 完了 | wán le | clause connector | to end; to be finished; to express misfortune |
| 将要 | jiāng yào | time adverb | will; shall; to be going to |
| 尤其 | yóu qí | degree adverb | especially; particularly |
| 居然 | jū rán | tone adverb | unexpectedly; to one's surprise; go so far as to |
| 届 | jiè | measure word | classifier for events or meetings; period (of time); to arrive at (time or place) |
| 幅 | fú | measure word | classifier for textiles or pictures; width; roll |
| 干脆 | gān cuì | tone adverb | simply; just; might as well |
| 彼此 | bǐ cǐ | demonstrative | each other; one another |
| 总算 | zǒng suàn | tone adverb | finally, at long last; on the whole |
| 扇 | shàn | measure word | object; fan; sliding or hinged flat part |
| 时刻 | shí kè | time adverb | moment, time, juncture, period of time; constantly, always |
| 时常 | shí cháng | time adverb | often; frequently |
| 明明 | míng míng | tone adverb | obviously; plainly; undoubtedly; definitely |
| 朵 | duǒ | measure word | flower; earlobe; classifier for flowers or clouds |
| 毕竟 | bì jìng | tone adverb | after all; all in all; when all is said and done |
| 稍 | shāo | degree adverb | somewhat; a little |
| 稍微 | shāo wēi | degree adverb | a little bit |
| 转折 | zhuǎn zhé | serial verb construction | turning point in events or plot; shift in conversation |
| 过于 | guò yú | degree adverb | excessively; too much |
| 随着 | suí zhe | preposition: time, place | along with, in the wake of, following |
| 颗 | kē | measure word | classifier for small spheres (pearls, grains, teeth, etc.) |
HSK 6
| Word | Pinyin | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 与 | yǔ | preposition: target; conjunction | and (written); together with; to give |
| 同 | tóng | preposition: target; conjunction | same; similar; alike |
| 尽 | jìn | scope adverb; degree adverb | use up; exhaust; finish; end; to the utmost; all; entirely |
| 一同 | yī tóng | scope adverb | together |
| 一时 | yī shí | time adverb | short duration: a while, momentary, temporary; at the same time |
| 一齐 | yī qí | scope adverb | at the same time, simultaneously |
| 不料 | bù liào | clause connector | unexpectedly; to one's surprise |
| 不禁 | bù jīn | manner adverb | can't help (doing sth); can't refrain from |
| 串 | chuàn | measure word | to string together; to skewer; to connect wrongly; to gang up; to rove; to move across; noun/classifier: string; bunch; skewer; a series of |
| 于 | yú | preposition: time, place | (preposition of time/place) in, at, on; (relational) to, toward, with regard to, for; (source) from, out of |
| 亲眼 | qīn yǎn | manner adverb | with one's own eyes; personally |
| 仿佛 | fǎng fú | attitude adverb | seem; as if; alike; similar |
| 便 | biàn | linking adverb | convenient; suitable; plain; informal; opportune; to urinate or defecate; then; in that case; even if; soon afterwards |
| 偏 | piān | tone adverb | to lean; to slant; to deviate |
| 净 | jìng | scope adverb | clean; net; only; completely; Chinese opera painted face role |
| 刚好 | gāng hǎo | tone adverb | just; exactly; to happen to be |
| 副 | fù | measure word | secondary; auxiliary; deputy; assistant; vice-; classifier for pairs, sets, and facial expressions |
| 啦 | la | sentence-final particle | sentence-final particle (exclamatory contraction of 'le a'); particle used to list items |
| 嘛 | ma | sentence-final particle | modal particle (obviousness); modal particle (pause for emphasis) |
| 因 | yīn | preposition: purpose, cause | reason; cause; because |
| 声 | shēng | verbal measure word | sound; voice; tone; noise; reputation; classifier for sounds |
| 异常 | yì cháng | degree adverb | unusual, abnormal; extremely, exceptionally |
| 恰好 | qià hǎo | tone adverb | just right (in size, time, number); as it turns out; by lucky coincidence |
| 所 | suǒ | structural particle | noun or location; place; classifier for institutions or buildings |
| 据 | jù | preposition: basis | according to; to act in accordance with; to depend on; to occupy; to seize |
| 早晚 | zǎo wǎn | time adverb | morning and evening; sooner or later |
| 时时 | shí shí | time adverb | often; constantly |
| 枝 | zhī | measure word | branch; for thin objects like sticks or pens |
| 此 | cǐ | demonstrative | this; these |
| 滴 | dī | measure word | a drop; to drip |
| 特 | tè | degree adverb | special, unique, distinguished, unusual; especially, very |
| 特地 | tè dì | manner adverb | for a special purpose; specially |
| 特意 | tè yì | manner adverb | intentionally; specially |
| 番 | fān | verbal measure word | classifier for occurrences/iterations/situations; foreign/barbarian |
| 罢了 | bà le | sentence-final particle | that's all, nothing more |
| 股 | gǔ | measure word | part or portion of a whole, share, strand of thread, section or department; thigh; classifier for winding things (ropes, rivers), for smells/puffs, for gangs, for sudden forceful actions |
| 至于 | zhì yú | preposition: target | as for; as to; to go so far as to |
| 若 | ruò | clause connector | if; like; to seem |
| 赶忙 | gǎn máng | manner adverb | to hurry; to make haste |
| 趟 | tàng | verbal measure word | classifier for trips or rounds; trip; time |
| 除 | chú | preposition: exclusion | to eliminate; to get rid of; to wipe out; math/logic: to divide; to exclude; except; not including |
| 集 | jí | measure word | to gather; to collect; collected works; episode (classifier for TV series) |
| 餐 | cān | measure word | meal, classifier for meals; to eat |
HSK 7–9
| Word | Pinyin | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一连 | yī lián | manner adverb | in a row; in succession; consecutive |
| 万万 | wàn wàn | tone adverb | absolutely; entirely (usually used in negative context) |
| 不妨 | bù fáng | tone adverb | there is no harm in; might as well |
| 不由得 | bù yóu de | manner adverb | can't help; cannot but |
| 乃 | nǎi | tone adverb | to be; thus; so |
| 之 | zhī | structural particle | possessive particle; him/her/it |
| 亦 | yì | linking adverb | also |
| 何必 | hé bì | tone adverb | there is no need; why should |
| 依 | yī | preposition: basis | to comply with; to listen to; to depend on; according to; in light of |
| 偏偏 | piān piān | tone adverb | contrarily; against expectations; precisely; only (singling out) |
| 兹 | zī | demonstrative | now; here; this |
| 再度 | zài dù | frequency adverb | once more; again |
| 凡 | fán | scope adverb | common; ordinary; mundane; every; all; altogether; in total |
| 分明 | fēn míng | tone adverb | clear; distinct; evidently |
| 勿 | wù | negation | do not |
| 即 | jí | time adverb | namely; that is; i.e.; promptly; at once; at present; to approach; to assume (office) |
| 历来 | lì lái | time adverb | always; throughout history |
| 及 | jí | conjunction | and; to reach; up to; in time for |
| 反倒 | fǎn dào | tone adverb | but on the contrary; but expectedly |
| 另 | lìng | demonstrative | other; another; separate; separately |
| 向来 | xiàng lái | time adverb | always (previously) |
| 唯独 | wéi dú | scope adverb | only; all except; unique |
| 基于 | jī yú | preposition: basis | based on; on the basis of; in view of |
| 好在 | hǎo zài | tone adverb | luckily, fortunately |
| 尚 | shàng | time adverb | still; to value |
| 尤为 | yóu wéi | degree adverb | especially |
| 幸亏 | xìng kuī | tone adverb | fortunately; luckily |
| 幸好 | xìng hǎo | tone adverb | fortunately |
| 当着 | dāng zhe | preposition: target | in front of; in the presence of |
| 必定 | bì dìng | tone adverb | bound to; sure to |
| 怪不得 | guài bu de | tone adverb | no wonder |
| 按说 | àn shuō | attitude adverb | ordinarily; normally |
| 无非 | wú fēi | tone adverb | only; nothing more than |
| 未 | wèi | negation | not yet; did not; have not |
| 未免 | wèi miǎn | tone adverb | rather; unavoidably; can't help but |
| 极为 | jí wéi | degree adverb | extremely; exceedingly |
| 白白 | bái bái | tone adverb | in vain; to no purpose; white |
| 皆 | jiē | scope adverb | all, every one |
| 矣 | yǐ | sentence-final particle | classical sentence-final particle |
| 稍稍 | shāo shāo | degree adverb | slightly; a little |
| 索性 | suǒ xìng | tone adverb | simply; you might as well |
| 终究 | zhōng jiū | tone adverb | in the end, after all |
| 统统 | tǒng tǒng | scope adverb | totally; entirely |
| 继而 | jì ér | clause connector | then; afterwards |
| 而已 | ér yǐ | sentence-final particle | that is all; nothing more |
| 莫非 | mò fēi | tone adverb | can it be possible that; could it be |
| 蛮 | mán | degree adverb | very; quite; barbarian; rough; reckless; bullying |
| 要不是 | yào bu shì | clause connector | if it were not for; but for |
| 趁 | chèn | preposition: basis | to take advantage of; to avail oneself of |
| 越发 | yuè fā | degree adverb | increasingly; more and more |
| 难怪 | nán guài | tone adverb | no wonder; not surprising |
| 需 | xū | modal verb | to need; to require; to want |
| 顺便 | shùn biàn | manner adverb | in passing; conveniently; without much extra effort |
| 顺着 | shùn zhe | preposition: direction | to follow; following; along |
| 颇 | pō | degree adverb | rather or quite; oblique or slanting |
| 频频 | pín pín | frequency adverb | repeatedly; constantly |
GoMando practises every one of these words inside its full HSK 1–9 catalogue, with tone colouring and a review queue that brings back the ones you keep getting wrong.