Roadmap Grammar

HSK Grammar Words

The HSK 3.0 grammar outline names 461 words that carry grammar rather than content: particles like 了 (le), measure words, modal verbs, question words, and the adverbs and conjunctions that link clauses. Each is listed under the HSK level whose grammar introduces it, which is sometimes lower than the level of the word itself.

TypeWordsExamples
tone adverb53就 jiù, 都 dōu, 白 bái, 才 cái
measure word44个 gè, 家 jiā, 打 dǎ, 本 běn
time adverb43在 zài, 还 hái, 正 zhēng, 先 xiān
clause connector33那 nà, 但 dàn, 如果 rú guǒ, 但是 dàn shì
degree adverb31好 hǎo, 很 hěn, 真 zhēn, 多 duō
demonstrative26这 zhè, 那 nà, 这些 zhè xiē, 这里 zhè lǐ
direction noun24上 shàng, 下 xià, 里 lǐ, 后 hòu
scope adverb20就 jiù, 都 dōu, 一起 yī qǐ, 只 zhǐ
frequency adverb18再 zài, 老 lǎo, 常 cháng, 常常 cháng cháng
personal pronoun17我 wǒ, 你 nǐ, 他 tā, 我们 wǒ men
preposition: target15和 hé, 对 duì, 给 gěi, 跟 gēn
manner adverb14故意 gù yì, 互相 hù xiāng, 尽量 jǐn liàng, 亲自 qīn zì
question word14什么 shén me, 多 duō, 怎么 zěn me, 谁 shéi
separable verb13说话 shuō huà, 睡觉 shuì jiào, 打开 dǎ kāi, 帮忙 bāng máng
attitude adverb11一定 yī dìng, 必须 bì xū, 也许 yě xǔ, 好像 hǎo xiàng
conjunction11和 hé, 跟 gēn, 还是 hái shi, 或 huò
modal verb11要 yào, 会 huì, 想 xiǎng, 能 néng
preposition: basis11按 àn, 按照 àn zhào, 作为 zuò wéi, 根据 gēn jù
sentence-final particle11的 de, 了 le, 吧 ba, 吗 má
verbal measure word11下 xià, 次 cì, 回 huí, 口 kǒu
linking adverb7就 jiù, 也 yě, 还 hái, 再 zài
negation7不 bù, 没有 méi yǒu, 没 méi, 别 bié
preposition: time, place7在 zài, 从 cóng, 由 yóu, 自从 zì cóng
preposition: agent, object6叫 jiào, 让 ràng, 把 bǎ, 被 bèi
preposition: direction5从 cóng, 向 xiàng, 往 wǎng, 朝 cháo
structural particle5的 de, 地 de, 得 de, 所 suǒ
particle4等 děng, 的话 de huà, 似的 shì de, 也好 yě hǎo
preposition: purpose, cause4因为 yīn wèi, 为了 wèi le, 由于 yóu yú, 因 yīn
time measure word4年 nián, 天 tiān, 周 zhōu, 分钟 fēn zhōng
aspect particle3了 le, 着 zhe, 过 guo
numeral3万 wàn, 千 qiān, 亿 yì
interjection2啊 a, 喂 wèi
preposition: exclusion2除了 chú le, 除 chú
preposition: time1当 dāng

Jump to a level: HSK 1 · HSK 2 · HSK 3 · HSK 4 · HSK 5 · HSK 6 · HSK 7–9

These words are small and frequent, so they are easy to recognise and hard to use. Knowing that 把 (bǎ) is a preposition does not tell you where it goes in the sentence; learn each one inside a sentence you can say, not as a gloss.

HSK 1

WordPinyinRoleMeaning
下xiàdirection noun; verbal measure wordbelow; next (time); to go down
了leaspect particle; sentence-final particlecompleted action marker; modal particle indicating change of state; modal particle intensifying clause
从cóngpreposition: time, place; preposition: directionfrom; through; via
再zàifrequency adverb; linking adverbagain; once more; second; another; then (sequence)
口kǒumeasure word; verbal measure wordmouth; classifier for people, animals, and objects with openings
吧basentence-final particle(modal particle indicating suggestion, surmise, or asking for agreement: ...right?; ...ok?; ...i presume)
和hépreposition: target; conjunctionand; to make peace; harmonious; sum (math); draw (sports); tie
在zàitime adverb; preposition: time, placelocated at; to be in; to exist; to be alive; indicating an action in progress
多duōquestion word; degree adverbmany; much; too many; (after numeral) ... odd
本běnmeasure word; demonstrativethis; the current; original; inherent; root; stem; origin; source; classifier for books, periodicals, files etc.
的destructural particle; sentence-final particlepossessive particle ('s); attribute marker; nominalizer
跟gēnpreposition: target; conjunctionto follow; to go with; with; compared with; towards; and; heel
还háilinking adverb; time adverbstill; yet; still in progress; in addition; also; else; even more; still more
那nàdemonstrative; clause connectorthat (pronoun); then (in that case)
都dōuscope adverb; tone adverball; both; already; even
一起yī qǐscope adverbtogether; in the same place; altogether; in total
上shàngdirection nounup, above, higher, previous, first; to climb, to get onto, to attend (class); (directional complement) up
上边shàng biandirection nounabove, on top, overhead, upward, above-mentioned
下边xià biandirection nounbelow; underneath
不bùnegationno; not; un-
东dōngdirection nouneast; host; landlord
东边dōng biandirection nouneast; east side
个gèmeasure wordgeneral classifier for nouns; individual
也yělinking adverbalso; as well; particle
什么shén mequestion wordwhat, something, anything
他tāpersonal pronounhe; him; other; emphatic marker
他们tā menpersonal pronounthey
会huìmodal verbskill/ability: can, to know how to; to be likely to, to be sure to; to meet, to get together, meeting, gathering
你nǐpersonal pronounyou
你们nǐ menpersonal pronounyou (plural)
先xiāntime adverbfirst; in advance; early
最zuìdegree adverbmost; the most; -est (superlative suffix)
几jǐquestion wordhow many, several, a few
别biénegationdon't ...!; to leave; to part from; other; another; different
别的bié dedemonstrativeelse; other
前qiándirection nounfront/forward; before/ago; former/previous
前边qián biandirection nounfront; in front of
北běidirection nounnorth; (classical) to be defeated
北边běi biāndirection nounnorth; north side; northern part; to the north of
南nándirection nounsouth
南边nán biandirection nounsouth; south side
右yòudirection nounright-hand side; right of center; west; precedence
右边yòu biandirection nounright side
后hòudirection nounback; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later; post-
后边hòu biandirection nounback; rear; behind; later; afterwards
吗másentence-final particle(coll.) what?
呢nesentence-final particleparticle for questions (what about... / where is...); particle for pausing or emphasis; particle indicating continuous state
哪nǎquestion wordwhich?
哪些nǎ xiēquestion wordwhich ones?; who?; what?
哪儿nǎ rquestion wordwhere?; wherever; somewhere
哪里nǎ lǐquestion wordwhere?
地destructural particleadverbial particle (-ly)
块kuàimeasure wordlump; chunk; piece; classifier for pieces of material objects
外wàidirection nounoutside; foreign; additional
外边wài biandirection nounoutside; abroad
多少duō shaoquestion wordhow much/many; what (number/ID)
太tàidegree adverbtoo; extremely; very; highest; greatest
她tāpersonal pronounshe
她们tā menpersonal pronounthey; them (female)
家jiāmeasure wordhome, family; suffix for an expert/specialist; philosophical school
左zuǒdirection nounleft (direction); left side; the Left (politics); east
左边zuǒ biandirection nounleft side; to the left of
常chángfrequency adverboften; frequently; always
常常cháng chángfrequency adverbfrequently; often
很hěndegree adverbvery; quite; awfully
怎么zěn mequestion wordhow; why; what
您nínpersonal pronounyou (polite)
想xiǎngmodal verbwant or desire; think or believe; miss
我wǒpersonal pronouni; me; my
我们wǒ menpersonal pronounwe; us; our
有时yǒu shítime adverbsometimes
有的yǒu dedemonstrativesome (that exist)
杯bēimeasure wordcup; trophy cup; classifier for containers of liquid: glass, cup
正zhēngtime adverbfirst month of the lunar year
正在zhèng zàitime adverbin the process of doing something; currently
比bǐpreposition: targetto compare; (used for comparison) more ... than ...; ratio; to gesture
没méinegationnot, have not
没有méi yǒunegationto not have, to not be, doesn't exist
真zhēndegree adverbreally; indeed; real; true; genuine
能néngmodal verbcan; to be able to; might
西xīdirection nounwest
西边xī biāndirection nounwest; west side
要yàomodal verbwant; need; ask for; should; need to; will; shall; about to; if
谁shéiquestion wordwho
还是hái shiconjunctionor; still (as before); had better
这zhèdemonstrativethis; these
这些zhè xiēdemonstrativethese
这儿zhè rdemonstrativehere
这里zhè lǐdemonstrativehere
那些nà xiēdemonstrativethose
那儿nà rdemonstrativethere
那里nà lidemonstrativethere; that place
里lǐdirection nouninside, internal
里边lǐ biandirection nouninside
间jiānmeasure wordspatial/temporal: between, among, within a definite time or space; room, section of a room; classifier for rooms
非常fēi chángdegree adverbvery; really; unusual; extraordinary
页yèmeasure wordpage; leaf
马上mǎ shàngtime adverbat once, immediately; on horseback

HSK 2

WordPinyinRoleMeaning
就jiùlinking adverb; tone adverb; scope adverbjust; only; as little as; merely; precisely; ; in that case; then; if not... then must be...; as soon as; immediately after; taking advantage of
才cáitone adverb; time adverbjust now; only (before a quantity); then and only then
为wèipreposition: targetbecause of; for; to
只zhǐscope adverb; measure wordonly, merely, just
向xiàngpreposition: direction; preposition: targettowards; to face; to turn towards; direction; to support; to side with; formerly; always; shortly before; oriented to
啊asentence-final particle; interjectionah!; exclamatory or modal particle
得destructural particle; modal verbstructural particle: links verbs/adjectives to complements of degree, result, or possibility
该gāimodal verb; demonstrativeshould; ought to; to deserve; to owe; probably; must be; it is one's turn; that; the above-mentioned
一共yī gòngscope adverbaltogether; in total
一定yī dìngattitude adverbmust; surely; certainly; fixed; specific; a certain
一直yī zhítime adverbcontinuously; always; straight (in a line)
万wànnumeralten thousand; a great number
不过bù guòclause connectorbut, however; only, merely, no more than; anyway (returning to topic)
为什么wèi shén mequestion wordwhy; for what reason
也许yě xǔattitude adverbperhaps; maybe
亿yìnumeral100 million
件jiànmeasure worditem; classifier for events, clothes, or matters
但dànclause connectorbut; yet; however; merely; only
但是dàn shìclause connectorbut; however
位wèimeasure wordposition; location; place
全quánscope adverball; whole; entire; every; complete
分钟fēn zhōngtime measure wordminute
刚gāngtime adverbjust; exactly; barely; hard; firm; strong
刚刚gāng gangtime adverbjust recently; just a moment ago
别人bié renpersonal pronounother people; others
十分shí fēndegree adverbvery; completely; extremely
千qiānnumeralthousand
又yòufrequency adverbagain; also; both... and...; and yet
只要zhǐ yàoclause connectorso long as; if only
周zhōutime measure wordweek; weekly
咱zánpersonal pronounwe (inclusive); i, me
咱们zán menpersonal pronounwe (inclusive)
喂wèiinterjectionhey; to feed
回huíverbal measure wordto return, to go back, to turn around; to answer; to revolve
地点dì diǎn是…的 constructionplace; location; venue
场chǎngverbal measure wordlarge place for specific use; stage; scene
多久duō jiǔquestion wordhow long (time); (not) a long time
多么duō medegree adverbhow (much); what (a...); to what extent
大家dà jiāpersonal pronouneveryone; great expert; influential person
天tiāntime measure wordday; sky; heaven
好hǎodegree adverbgood; appropriate; proper; easy to; good to (before a verb); completion marker (after a verb)
好像hǎo xiàngattitude adverbto seem like; as if
如果rú guǒclause connectorif; in case; in the event that
它tāpersonal pronounit
它们tā menpersonal pronounthey (inanimate)
对duìpreposition: targetcorrect; right; towards; regarding; concerning; to face; to oppose
封fēngmeasure wordto seal; classifier for letters; to confer; to grant; to bestow a title
层céngmeasure wordlayer; stratum; classifier for layers
差不多chà bu duōattitude adverbalmost; nearly; more or less
已经yǐ jīngtime adverbalready
年niántime measure wordyear
应该yīng gāimodal verbshould; ought to; must
当dāngpreposition: timeto serve as, to act as, to manage; to withstand, to obstruct; to equal, to match, to be
往wǎngpreposition: directionto; towards; bound for
必须bì xūattitude adverbmust; have to; compulsory
忽然hū rántime adverbsuddenly
怎么样zěn me yàngquestion wordhow?, how about?; how are things?
怎样zěn yàngquestion wordhow; what kind of
愿意yuàn yìmodal verbwilling; to wish; to want
或huòconjunctionor; maybe, perhaps, possibly
或者huò zhěconjunctionor; maybe, perhaps
挺tǐngdegree adverbvery; outstanding; straight
故意gù yìmanner adverbdeliberately; on purpose
方式fāng shì是…的 constructionway, manner, style, mode, or pattern
更gèngdegree adverbmore; even more; further
条tiáomeasure wordclassifier for long thin things; strip; item
次cìverbal measure wordclassifier for events; next in sequence; second
正好zhèng hǎotone adverbjust right, just enough; to happen to, just in time
特别tè biédegree adverbvery; especially; particularly
的话de huàparticleif
着zheaspect particleaspect particle indicating ongoing action or state
离lípreposition: targetdistance and space: to be away from, from (in giving distances); to leave, to part from, without; independent of
等děngparticlewait for; class; rank; grade; etc.; and so on
经常jīng chángfrequency adverbfrequently; often; regularly; day-to-day; everyday
给gěipreposition: targetto give; to allow; for; for the benefit of; to do something for someone; sentence intensifier
老lǎofrequency adverbold (people); elderly; aged parents; of the past; outdated; tough (meat); venerable; experienced; of long standing; degree/intensity: very; always; all the time
老是lǎo shifrequency adverbalways
而且ér qiěclause connectormoreover; in addition; furthermore; (not only...) but also
自己zì jǐpersonal pronounoneself; one's own
虽然suī ránclause connectoralthough
过guoaspect particleexperienced action marker; to cross; to go over; to pass (time)
这么zhè medemonstrativeso much, this much; like this, this way
这样zhè yàngdemonstrativelike this, this way; such, this kind of
遍biànverbal measure wordeverywhere, all over; classifier for actions (one time)
那么nà medemonstrativeso; like that; in that way; about; or so (in that case)
那样nà yàngdemonstrativethat kind; that sort
重新chóng xīnfrequency adverbagain; once more; re-

HSK 3

WordPinyinRoleMeaning
并bìngtone adverb; conjunctionand, furthermore, also, simultaneously; to combine, to join, to merge, together with; (not) at all
把bǎmeasure word; preposition: agent, objectto hold, to grasp, handle; classifier for handfuls, bundles, or things with handles
由yóupreposition: time, place; preposition: agent, objectfrom; by; via
由于yóu yúpreposition: purpose, cause; clause connectorbecause; due to; as a result of
不仅bù jǐnclause connectornot only, not just
不光bù guāngclause connectornot only, not limited to
为了wèi lepreposition: purpose, causefor, for the purpose of, in order to
互相hù xiāngmanner adverbeach other; mutually
亲自qīn zìmanner adverbpersonally, in person
仅jǐnscope adverbonly; merely; barely
仅仅jǐn jǐnscope adverbonly; merely; barely (nothing more)
从来cóng láitime adverbalways, at all times; never (used in negative sentences)
任何rèn hédemonstrativeany; whatever; whichever; whatsoever
光guāngscope adverblight; light; ray
其实qí shítone adverbactually, in fact, really
到底dào dǐtone adverbfinally, in the end, after all, when all is said and done; to the end, to the last
千万qiān wàntone adverbten million, countless; must by all means
双shuāngmeasure wordtwo; double; pair
反正fǎn zhèngtone adverbanyway, in any case; to come over from the enemy's side
另外lìng wàiclause connectoradditional; other; separate; in addition; moreover; furthermore
只好zhǐ hǎotone adverbhave no choice but to, have to, be forced to
只有zhǐ yǒuclause connectoronly have, there is only; it is only if, it is only that (to indicate no alternative)
叫jiàopreposition: agent, objectto shout, to call, to order, to ask; to be called; by (indicates agent in passive voice)
台táimeasure wordinfrastructure; platform; stage
各gèdemonstrativeeach; every
各位gè wèidemonstrativeeverybody; all of you
各种gè zhǒngdemonstrativevarious; all kinds of
因为yīn wèipreposition: purpose, causebecause; owing to
因此yīn cǐclause connectorthus; consequently; as a result
大概dà gàiattitude adverbprobably, about; roughly, approximate, general idea
始终shǐ zhōngtime adverbfrom beginning to end, all along
完成wán chéngseparable verbto complete; to accomplish
尽量jǐn liàngmanner adverbas much as possible; to the greatest extent
已yǐtime adverbalready; to stop; then
帮忙bāng mángseparable verbto help; to lend a hand; to do a favor
干杯gān bēiseparable verbto drink a toast; to clink glasses; cheers; bottoms up
并且bìng qiěclause connectorand, besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition
张zhāngmeasure wordclassifier for flat objects, sheet of paper; to open up, to spread
当然dāng rántone adverbcertainly, of course, without doubt, only natural, as it should be
往往wǎng wǎngfrequency adverbusually, in many cases, more often than not
总zǒngfrequency adverbgeneral, overall, to sum up; always, invariably; anyway, after all, eventually, surely
总是zǒng shìfrequency adverbalways
恐怕kǒng pàattitude adverbI'm afraid that; perhaps; maybe
打开dǎ kāiseparable verbto open; to turn on; to switch on
按ànpreposition: basisto press, to push, to control, to restrain; according to, in the light of; to leave aside, to make a comment
按照àn zhàopreposition: basisaccording to, in accordance with, in the light of, on the basis of
支zhīmeasure wordto support, to erect, to raise; branch, division; to draw money
放假fàng jiàseparable verbto have a holiday or vacation
敢gǎnmodal verbto dare; daring; (polite) may I venture
早已zǎo yǐtime adverbfor a long time; long since
曾经céng jīngtime adverbonce, previously, ever, (past tense marker)
朝cháopreposition: directionimperial court, government, dynasty; towards, facing; to make a pilgrimage to
本来běn láitime adverboriginally; at first; original; it goes without saying; of course
束shùmeasure wordbind or control; to bind; to control
果然guǒ rántone adverbsure enough; as expected; really
架jiàmeasure wordnoun; rack; frame
根本gēn běntone adverbfundamental; basic; root
每měidemonstrativeeach; every
比较bǐ jiàodegree adverbto compare; to contrast; comparison; comparatively; relatively; quite
洗澡xǐ zǎoseparable verbto bathe; to take a shower
点头diǎn tóuseparable verbto nod
理发lǐ fàseparable verbto get a haircut; to cut hair
白báitone adverbwhite; snowy; pure; bright; clear; in vain; gratuitous; free of charge; empty; blank; plain
相互xiāng hùmanner adverbmutual; each other
相当xiāng dāngdegree adverbequivalent to; appropriate; considerably
看病kàn bìngseparable verbto visit a doctor (as a patient); to see a patient (as a doctor)
眼yǎnverbal measure wordeye; small hole; crux of a matter
睡觉shuì jiàoseparable verbto sleep; to go to bed
确实què shítone adverbindeed; really; reliable; true
种zhǒngmeasure wordkind, type, species, classifier for types; seed
立刻lì kètime adverbimmediately; at once; promptly
简直jiǎn zhítone adverbsimply; really
终于zhōng yútone adverbfinally, at last, eventually, in the end
结婚jié hūnseparable verbto marry; to get married
绝对jué duìtone adverbabsolute; unconditional
群qúnmeasure wordgroup; crowd; flock, herd, or pack
自从zì cóngpreposition: time, placesince (a time), ever since
至少zhì shǎoscope adverbat least
行xíngmeasure wordwalk or go; ok or capable; conduct or behavior
被bèipreposition: agent, objectquilt; to cover; passive voice marker; to suffer (a misfortune)
要是yào shiclause connector(coll.) if
见面jiàn miànseparable verbto meet, to see each other
让ràngpreposition: agent, objectto permit; to let; to have someone do something
说话shuō huàseparable verbto speak; to talk; to gossip; to tell stories; words; talk
赶快gǎn kuàitime adverbquickly; at once
赶紧gǎn jǐntime adverbhurriedly; without delay
连忙lián mángtime adverbpromptly; at once
通常tōng chángfrequency adverbregular, usual, normal, usually, normally
除了chú lepreposition: exclusionbesides; in addition to; except for
难道nán dàotone adverbcould it be that...?; don't tell me...
需要xū yàomodal verbto need; to want; to require
顿dùnverbal measure wordto stop, to pause; to arrange, to lay out; to kowtow, to stamp

HSK 4

WordPinyinRoleMeaning
而érclause connector; conjunctionand; as well as; and so
一再yī zàifrequency adverbrepeatedly
人家rén jiapersonal pronounother people, he/she/they; I/me (referring to oneself)
以及yǐ jíconjunctionas well as; and
似乎sì hūattitude adverbit seems, seemingly, as if
似的shì departicleseems as if, rather like
作为zuò wéipreposition: basisas (in the capacity of); to act as, to view as, to take (something) to be; accomplishment, achievement, conduct, deed
假如jiǎ rúclause connectorif
共gòngscope adverbtogether; to share; total
关于guān yúpreposition: targetconcerning; about; pertaining to
再三zài sānfrequency adverbover and over again; again and again
几乎jī hūattitude adverbalmost; nearly; practically
即将jí jiāngtime adverbto be about to; on the verge of
却quèlinking adverbbut, yet, however, nevertheless; to go back, to decline, to retreat
卷juànmeasure wordscroll, roll, volume, chapter; examination paper; classifier for books/paintings (volume, scroll)
反而fǎn értone adverbon the contrary, instead
可见kě jiànclause connectorit is clear that, it can be seen that; visible
对于duì yúpreposition: targetregarding; with regard to; concerning
尽快jǐn kuàitime adverbas soon as possible
急忙jí mángtime adverbhastily
总之zǒng zhīclause connectorin short, in a word, in brief
打dǎmeasure wordto beat; to strike; to hit
批pīmeasure wordto criticize; to act on; to pass on
按时àn shítime adverbon time; on schedule
既然jì ránclause connectorsince; as; this being the case
替tìpreposition: targetto replace; to substitute for; to stand in for; for; on behalf of
未必wèi bìnegationnot necessarily
极jídegree adverbextremely; utmost; top
极其jí qídegree adverbextremely
根gēnmeasure wordroot; basis; long slender objects
根据gēn jùpreposition: basisbased on; according to; basis
格外gé wàidegree adverbespecially; particularly
棵kēmeasure wordclassifier for trees, plants, or cabbages
此外cǐ wàiclause connectorbesides; in addition; moreover
渐渐jiàn jiàntime adverbgradually
甚至shèn zhìclause connectoreven, so much so that
的确dí quètone adverbreally or indeed
究竟jiū jìngtone adverbafter all, when all is said and done; outcome, result, to go to the bottom of a matter
而是ér shìclause connectorrather
自zìpreposition: time, placeself or oneself; from or since; naturally
袋dàimeasure wordbag; pouch; sack; pocket
竟然jìng rántone adverbunexpectedly, to one's surprise, actually, to go as far as to

HSK 5

WordPinyinRoleMeaning
可kědegree adverb; tone adverb; clause connectorcan; may; -able; approve; permit; suit
将jiāngtime adverb; preposition: agent, objectwill or shall; to use or to take (introduces object); to checkmate
一向yī xiàngtime adverbalways (previously), a period of time in the recent past
一旦yī dànclause connectoronce, in case, if, when; in a short time, in one day
不免bù miǎntone adverbinevitably
不时bù shítime adverbfrom time to time, occasionally; frequently
也好yě hǎoparticlethat's fine, may as well; regardless of whether...or...
仍旧réng jiùtime adverbstill; remain the same
从而cóng érclause connectorthus; thereby
依据yī jùpreposition: basisaccording to, basis, foundation
依旧yī jiùtime adverbas before, still
依照yī zhàopreposition: basisaccording to, in light of
倒是dào shitone adverbactually; contrary to expectations; (conversational marker indicating a shift in tone)
偶尔ǒu ěrfrequency adverboccasionally; once in a while; sometimes
偷偷tōu tōumanner adverbstealthily; secretly; covertly
册cèmeasure wordbook, booklet, classifier for books
再次zài cìfrequency adverbagain; once again
凭píngpreposition: basisverb; to lean against; to rely on
加上jiā shàngclause connectorto add, to put in; in addition, on top of that
匹pǐmeasure wordclassifier; classifier for horses or mules; classifier for cloth bolts
大都dà dōuscope adverbfor the most part; on the whole
如此rú cǐdemonstrativelike this; so; such
完了wán leclause connectorto end; to be finished; to express misfortune
将要jiāng yàotime adverbwill; shall; to be going to
尤其yóu qídegree adverbespecially; particularly
居然jū rántone adverbunexpectedly; to one's surprise; go so far as to
届jièmeasure wordclassifier for events or meetings; period (of time); to arrive at (time or place)
幅fúmeasure wordclassifier for textiles or pictures; width; roll
干脆gān cuìtone adverbsimply; just; might as well
彼此bǐ cǐdemonstrativeeach other; one another
总算zǒng suàntone adverbfinally, at long last; on the whole
扇shànmeasure wordobject; fan; sliding or hinged flat part
时刻shí kètime adverbmoment, time, juncture, period of time; constantly, always
时常shí chángtime adverboften; frequently
明明míng míngtone adverbobviously; plainly; undoubtedly; definitely
朵duǒmeasure wordflower; earlobe; classifier for flowers or clouds
毕竟bì jìngtone adverbafter all; all in all; when all is said and done
稍shāodegree adverbsomewhat; a little
稍微shāo wēidegree adverba little bit
转折zhuǎn zhéserial verb constructionturning point in events or plot; shift in conversation
过于guò yúdegree adverbexcessively; too much
随着suí zhepreposition: time, placealong with, in the wake of, following
颗kēmeasure wordclassifier for small spheres (pearls, grains, teeth, etc.)

HSK 6

WordPinyinRoleMeaning
与yǔpreposition: target; conjunctionand (written); together with; to give
同tóngpreposition: target; conjunctionsame; similar; alike
尽jìnscope adverb; degree adverbuse up; exhaust; finish; end; to the utmost; all; entirely
一同yī tóngscope adverbtogether
一时yī shítime adverbshort duration: a while, momentary, temporary; at the same time
一齐yī qíscope adverbat the same time, simultaneously
不料bù liàoclause connectorunexpectedly; to one's surprise
不禁bù jīnmanner adverbcan't help (doing sth); can't refrain from
串chuànmeasure wordto string together; to skewer; to connect wrongly; to gang up; to rove; to move across; noun/classifier: string; bunch; skewer; a series of
于yúpreposition: time, place(preposition of time/place) in, at, on; (relational) to, toward, with regard to, for; (source) from, out of
亲眼qīn yǎnmanner adverbwith one's own eyes; personally
仿佛fǎng fúattitude adverbseem; as if; alike; similar
便biànlinking adverbconvenient; suitable; plain; informal; opportune; to urinate or defecate; then; in that case; even if; soon afterwards
偏piāntone adverbto lean; to slant; to deviate
净jìngscope adverbclean; net; only; completely; Chinese opera painted face role
刚好gāng hǎotone adverbjust; exactly; to happen to be
副fùmeasure wordsecondary; auxiliary; deputy; assistant; vice-; classifier for pairs, sets, and facial expressions
啦lasentence-final particlesentence-final particle (exclamatory contraction of 'le a'); particle used to list items
嘛masentence-final particlemodal particle (obviousness); modal particle (pause for emphasis)
因yīnpreposition: purpose, causereason; cause; because
声shēngverbal measure wordsound; voice; tone; noise; reputation; classifier for sounds
异常yì chángdegree adverbunusual, abnormal; extremely, exceptionally
恰好qià hǎotone adverbjust right (in size, time, number); as it turns out; by lucky coincidence
所suǒstructural particlenoun or location; place; classifier for institutions or buildings
据jùpreposition: basisaccording to; to act in accordance with; to depend on; to occupy; to seize
早晚zǎo wǎntime adverbmorning and evening; sooner or later
时时shí shítime adverboften; constantly
枝zhīmeasure wordbranch; for thin objects like sticks or pens
此cǐdemonstrativethis; these
滴dīmeasure worda drop; to drip
特tèdegree adverbspecial, unique, distinguished, unusual; especially, very
特地tè dìmanner adverbfor a special purpose; specially
特意tè yìmanner adverbintentionally; specially
番fānverbal measure wordclassifier for occurrences/iterations/situations; foreign/barbarian
罢了bà lesentence-final particlethat's all, nothing more
股gǔmeasure wordpart or portion of a whole, share, strand of thread, section or department; thigh; classifier for winding things (ropes, rivers), for smells/puffs, for gangs, for sudden forceful actions
至于zhì yúpreposition: targetas for; as to; to go so far as to
若ruòclause connectorif; like; to seem
赶忙gǎn mángmanner adverbto hurry; to make haste
趟tàngverbal measure wordclassifier for trips or rounds; trip; time
除chúpreposition: exclusionto eliminate; to get rid of; to wipe out; math/logic: to divide; to exclude; except; not including
集jímeasure wordto gather; to collect; collected works; episode (classifier for TV series)
餐cānmeasure wordmeal, classifier for meals; to eat

HSK 7–9

WordPinyinRoleMeaning
一连yī liánmanner adverbin a row; in succession; consecutive
万万wàn wàntone adverbabsolutely; entirely (usually used in negative context)
不妨bù fángtone adverbthere is no harm in; might as well
不由得bù yóu demanner adverbcan't help; cannot but
乃nǎitone adverbto be; thus; so
之zhīstructural particlepossessive particle; him/her/it
亦yìlinking adverbalso
何必hé bìtone adverbthere is no need; why should
依yīpreposition: basisto comply with; to listen to; to depend on; according to; in light of
偏偏piān piāntone adverbcontrarily; against expectations; precisely; only (singling out)
兹zīdemonstrativenow; here; this
再度zài dùfrequency adverbonce more; again
凡fánscope adverbcommon; ordinary; mundane; every; all; altogether; in total
分明fēn míngtone adverbclear; distinct; evidently
勿wùnegationdo not
即jítime adverbnamely; that is; i.e.; promptly; at once; at present; to approach; to assume (office)
历来lì láitime adverbalways; throughout history
及jíconjunctionand; to reach; up to; in time for
反倒fǎn dàotone adverbbut on the contrary; but expectedly
另lìngdemonstrativeother; another; separate; separately
向来xiàng láitime adverbalways (previously)
唯独wéi dúscope adverbonly; all except; unique
基于jī yúpreposition: basisbased on; on the basis of; in view of
好在hǎo zàitone adverbluckily, fortunately
尚shàngtime adverbstill; to value
尤为yóu wéidegree adverbespecially
幸亏xìng kuītone adverbfortunately; luckily
幸好xìng hǎotone adverbfortunately
当着dāng zhepreposition: targetin front of; in the presence of
必定bì dìngtone adverbbound to; sure to
怪不得guài bu detone adverbno wonder
按说àn shuōattitude adverbordinarily; normally
无非wú fēitone adverbonly; nothing more than
未wèinegationnot yet; did not; have not
未免wèi miǎntone adverbrather; unavoidably; can't help but
极为jí wéidegree adverbextremely; exceedingly
白白bái báitone adverbin vain; to no purpose; white
皆jiēscope adverball, every one
矣yǐsentence-final particleclassical sentence-final particle
稍稍shāo shāodegree adverbslightly; a little
索性suǒ xìngtone adverbsimply; you might as well
终究zhōng jiūtone adverbin the end, after all
统统tǒng tǒngscope adverbtotally; entirely
继而jì érclause connectorthen; afterwards
而已ér yǐsentence-final particlethat is all; nothing more
莫非mò fēitone adverbcan it be possible that; could it be
蛮mándegree adverbvery; quite; barbarian; rough; reckless; bullying
要不是yào bu shìclause connectorif it were not for; but for
趁chènpreposition: basisto take advantage of; to avail oneself of
越发yuè fādegree adverbincreasingly; more and more
难怪nán guàitone adverbno wonder; not surprising
需xūmodal verbto need; to require; to want
顺便shùn biànmanner adverbin passing; conveniently; without much extra effort
顺着shùn zhepreposition: directionto follow; following; along
颇pōdegree adverbrather or quite; oblique or slanting
频频pín pínfrequency adverbrepeatedly; constantly

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